Bulk carrier potential failure
Based on experience of accidents with lesser consequences it was concluded that the casualties occurred through local structural failure leading to loss of watertight integrity of the side shell followed by progressive flooding through damaged bulkheads. Any prudent Master may wish to investigate any suspected water ingress more closely but preparations for evacuating the ship should be made instantly and concurrent with any investigation.
Remote methods of observation are preferable to sending personnel onto decks, particularly in bad weather and/or at night. Deck floodlights should be used if necessary to try and identify abnormalities. Detrimental effects on watchkeepers' night vision are of secondary importance in such circumstances.